Exam Review - 2016 Words

Review Exam 2 1. Planet X has a radius 3 times larger than the earth’s radius. How does this planet’s volume compare to Earth’s volume? a. The volume is 3 times larger than the Earth’s radius. b. The volume is 1/9 the Earth’s radius. c. The volume is 27 times the Earth’s Radius. d. The volume is 1/27 times the Earth’s radius. 2. The moons X and Y orbit 2 different planets. They have the same orbital velocity, but the distance of X from its planet is 2 times the distance of planet Y from its planet. Which planet has more Mass? PLANET X 3. The Earth’s average density is 5.5 kg/L. A planet discovered orbiting another star has an average density of 3.2 kg/L. What does this tell us about this planet?†¦show more content†¦ANSWER: Outer Planets are Terrestrial and the Inner Planets are Jovian. This is because the temperature is lower at the center of the protoplanetary disk in this scenario and in this case OUTSIDE the frost l ine actually means that it gets hotter the farther away, and so water would melt outside this water line and the outer planets would be Jovian. 12. If we find a Jovian planet inside the frost line of a star, what can we assume about its formation? Jovian Planets can only form outside the frost line, so it must have moved inward. We assume it has moved in because it could not have formed there. 13. Seismic Waves inside the Earth . Cannot travel through liquids . Travel at different speeds in materials of different densities or compositions and change direction as they move from one material to another. . Travel in straight lines with speeds that change as the waves move through materials of different densities or compositions. . Always travel in a straight line at a constant speed. 14. The Earth’s interior received its heat energy from the impacts of planetesimals and from radioactivity. This heat and energy is gradually radiating into space. As the Earth’s interior continues to cool, we can expect that, in the distant future, . The entire interior will become one homogeneous solid. . The mantle will become molten while the core willShow MoreRelatedreview exam4259 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿Fin 3010 Dr. Michello Summer 2007 Practice Problems Expected dividend yield Answer: a EASY i. If D1 = $2.00, g (which is constant) = 6%, and P0 = $40, what is the stock’s expected dividend yield for the coming year? a. 5.0% b. 6.0% c. 7.0% d. 8.0% e. 9.0% Expected return, dividend yield, and capital gains yield Answer: e EASY ii. If D1 = $2.00, g (which is constant) = 6%, and P0 = $40, what is the stock’s expected capital gains yield for the coming year? a. 5.2% b. 5Read MoreFinal Exam Review1463 Words   |  6 PagesComm 1332 Comprehensive Exam Review To thoroughly prepare for your exam, the following review process is recommended: 1. Review lecture notes and powerpoint files for each chapter (copies on webct). 2. Practice OUTLINING (coordinating and subordinating: framing main point/subpoint/sub-subpoint information). 3. Finally, specific knowledge of the following will prove useful: 1. The 3 purposes of public speaking To inform, to persuade, to entertain 2. The 9 elements that affect publicRead MoreReview For Exam 22476 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Women and Crime CCJ 4670 REVIEW FOR EXAM 2 Review the Key Terms at the end of each chapter. Lecture 5 – Delinquency across the Life Span 1. Describe Claussen’s classic study of children of the Great Depression and its findings. 2. Define â€Å"turning point.† -involves a gradual or dramatic change which may lead to a modification, reshaping, or transition from one state, condition, or phase to another 3. Describe the various explanations for the age of desistance from crime. As age increasesRead MoreExam 1 Review1937 Words   |  8 Pages12345) Mid-Term Exam – Review Questions 1) All of these are pitfalls an organization should avoid in strategic planning EXCEPT (Ch. 1) Some pitfalls to watch for and avoid in strategic planning are these: ï‚ · Using strategic planning to gain control over decisions and resources ï‚ · Doing strategic planning only to satisfy accreditation or regulatory requeriments ï‚ · Too hastily moving from mission development to strategy formulation ï‚ · Failing to communicate the plan to employees, who continue workingRead More|Review Problems for Exams4693 Words   |  19 Pages|Review Problems for Exams -- FINA 6301 – Dr. Park | Chapters 2 and 3 [i]. In 2004, TimeNow Corporation had fixed assets of $1,345, current assets of $260, current liabilities of $180 and shareholders equity of $775. What was the net working capital for TimeNow in 2004? [ii]. During 2004, the Abel Co. had gross sales of $1 million. The firm’s cost of goods sold and selling expenses were $300,000 and $200,000Read MoreExam Review Essay2444 Words   |  10 Pages------------------------------------------------- Chapter 1 Review Questions 1. What is the goal of science? The major goal of science is to ask answer questions about the physical universe that we live in. 2. How is observation different from imagination? Observation gathers only what data is obviously true. Imagination can go anywhere—factual or not. 3. Write an equation in words then in symbols for the following sentence: The price of coffee beans is equal to the weightRead MoreEssay on Midterm Exam ( Review)1542 Words   |  7 PagesExam Review 1 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Each of the following functions are within the framework for Human Resources Management EXCEPT: a. recruitment and selection. b. training and development. c. employee relations. d. employee discipline. 2. Which of the following is NOT a primary impact that technology has had on HRM? a. It has improved the processes of internal and external communications. b. It has altered the methodsRead MoreExam 1 Review3345 Words   |  14 Pagesfine-tune scans or probes Answers: Information about vulnerabilities Information that will help fine-tune scans or probes Passwords Competitors †¢ Question 4 5 out of 5 points What database of financial records should penetration testers review? Selected Answer: EDGAR Answers: ALICE EDGAR Both A and B Neither A nor B †¢ Question 5 5 out of 5 points Which of the following examples best portrays passive information gathering? Selected Answer: Reviewing job listingsRead MoreExam 1 Review Essay619 Words   |  3 PagesExam 1 Review BIO 130: Introduction to Environmental Science Unit 1 Be able to define an environmental factor. There are two types (condition and resource). What is the difference between a condition and a resource? Be able to categorize particular environmental factors as conditions OR resources (for example, temperature is a condition and not a resource). Be able to rank from smallest to largest: ecosystem, landscape, biome, biosphere Be able to rank from smallest to largest (in termsRead MoreExam review for CJ Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal Justice 3311 Review Questions Exam 2 To insure you obtain the best possible grade, be sure to research each question as completely as possible. Try to answer these questions as if you are providing information to an individual who knows nothing about each topic. Explain your answers in detail; remember, the more complete your answer is the better your grade will be. 1. The importance of Lawrence Kohlberg’s work is the link he makes between moral development and reason. Although

Supply Curve Between Price And Quantity - 2126 Words

A market is a physical place where buyers and sellers come together in one place to transact with each other. The demand curve shows the relation between price and quantity demanded other things equal. The supply curve shows the relation between price and quantity supplied other things equal. Where these meet is the equilibrium. This is the output where firms should produce. A need is a necessity, something you can t do without. A good example is food. If you don t eat, you won t survive for long. The market is mankind s most valuable tool for meeting the needs of the people because only a market understands the needs and wants of customers, and how these differ. They also understand the buying behaviour of customers (why, what and how they buy) and the nature of demand in the market (how are prices set the factors that influence the quantity of demand) A very good example for markets meeting mankind’s needs is the electronic market. They provide an easier way for start-ups to enter a national market, particularly if the business has identified a small niche segment of that market. They tend to be highly price-competitive since it is quite easy for customers to search for products from a variety of suppliers and to compare the best prices available (just about every consumer goods market has one or more price comparison website). They also provide things that we didn’t even know we needed for example mobile phones. Who knew 30 years ago mobile phones would have beenShow MoreRelatedDemand and Supply Assignment1584 Words   |  7 PagesDemand and supply is an economic system and fundamental concepts for economics who as determined the price of market. It was conclusion, the unit price level of a good essentially was determined by the point who demands and supply was intercept in a same level and same point. The price sy stem only working in a market economy if they’re having a free choice with the market. Demand is represent how many about the quantity of a goods is what the customers wanted. Its refer to about the abilityRead MoreDemand and Supply Analysis1399 Words   |  6 PagesDemand and Supply Analysis 1. Demand indicates how much of a good consumers are willing and able to buy at each possible price during a given time period, other things constant. 2. The process to satisfy human wants/ needs/desires. * Want: having a strong desire for something * Need: lack of means of subsistence * Desire: an aspiration to acquire something 3. Demand: effective desire 4. Demand is that desire which backed by willingness and ability to buy a particular commodityRead MoreEconomics An Overview: Article Analysis Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesconstant, as prices rise, the quantity of demand for that product falls. Conversely, as the price falls, the quantity of demand for that product rises (Colander, 2006, p 91). Price is the tool used that controls how much consumers want based on how much they demand. At any given price a certain quantity of a product is demanded by consumers. As the price decreases, the quantity of the products demanded will increase. This indicates that more individuals demand the good or service as the price is loweredRead MoreBumper Harvest On The Cards1381 Words   |  6 PagesBumper Harvest on the cards Answer1: Professor Marshall propounded that price of a commodity is determined by its demand and supply. Market is composed of two parties that are buyers and sellers. Thus both demand and supply curves are important for determining the price of a commodity. †¢ Equilibrium price: The price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied is called equilibrium price. †¢ Total demand: Here demand doesn’t mean the amount of commodity which people need rather effective demandRead MoreMicroeconomics Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesMicroeconomics Essay The price of electricity has increased substantially in the last three years, as a result of that; there have been apparent changes in the demand for electricity for the consumers and it has affected the producers supply market. In the following essay, we are going to look at the effect of the increase in the price of electricity in South Africa, using the supply and demand framework. The reason for the increase of the price of electricity is to balance out the supply and demand of electricityRead MoreThe Ins and Outs of Supply and Demand782 Words   |  3 PagesIn this task I am going to explain demand and supply in details. Demand is how much people wants from a certain product. While supply is how much of something people have. Demand and supply involve in everything in our life, for exa mple if human being feels that they need a certain product they will start to produce it to meet their demand. Demand and supply curves always have an inverse relation which means if the demand increase the supple will decrease and vice versa. Economists have createdRead MoreDemand, Supply and Market Equilibrium1107 Words   |  5 PagesDemand, Supply and Market Equilibrium Every market has a demand side and a supply side and where these two forces are in balance it is said that the markets are at equilibrium. The Demand Schedule: The Demand side can be represented by law of downward sloping demand curve. When the price of commodity is raised (ad other things held constant), buyers tend to buy less of the commodity. Similarly when the price is lowered, other things being constant, quantity demanded increases. The aboveRead MoreMarket Eqaulibrium1715 Words   |  7 Pagesswitch back and forth between potato and wheat production depending on market conditions. Similarly, consumers tend to regard potatoes and wheat (bread and bakery products) as substitutes. As a result, the demand and supply of Eye-de-ho Potatoes are highly sensitive to changes in both potato and wheat prices. Demand and supply functions for Eye-de-ho Potatoes are as follows: QD = -1,450 - 25P + 12.5PW + 0.2Y, (Demand) QS = -100 + 75P - 25PW - 12.5PL + 10R, (Supply) where P is the averageRead MorePrice Elasticity of Supply1062 Words   |  5 PagesPrice Elasticity of Supply * Price Elasticity of Supply: * The degree of price elasticity of supply depends on how easily - and therefore quickly - producers can shift resources between alternative uses. Unlike PED, there is no Total Revenue Test for Price Elasticity of Supply. * Because there is a direct relationship between Price Total revenue, they always move together. DETERMINANT OF PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY: TIME! THREE PERIODS: Market period-- short run -- longRead MoreApplying Supply and Demand Concepts1027 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Supply and Demand Concepts David Hodge ECO 365 April 29, 2013 Robert Watson Applying Supply and Demand Concepts The supply and demand simulation was a very helpful tool in understanding the effects of external factors on the supply and demand curves. Understanding this concept is fundamental in preparing for real life situations. I personally enjoyed the fact that the simulation was based on a real estate management company. I was able to understand and relate to the information

British National Identity Among Ethnic Minorities Free Essays

British National Identity among Ethnic  Minorities Identity is something many of us don’t think about, but it is the main force behind our daily decisions. Britishness is defined as the state or quality of being British. This means that Britishness involves habits, behaviors, language, culture, and symbols that are common, recognizable, and iconic to the United Kingdom. We will write a custom essay sample on British National Identity Among Ethnic  Minorities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes however, it is hard to define Britishness because it cannot be defined as one thing, like many identities, it evolves and transforms ever so often. British identity has been a subject of many debates since the 1960s, prompted initially by â€Å"the loss of empire, then by the rise of the welfare state, postwar black and Asian migration and entry into the European Community, and more recently by the devolution of power to Scotland and Wales† (Parekh, 1). â€Å"Some claim that the most challenging minority integration in contemporary society is immigrant-origin non-white communities† (Maxwell, 2), but this is becoming a false claim. The British national identity has been on a decline with more Britons claiming their identity as English, Scottish, Irish, or Welsh. This however, is not true for ethnic minorities in the UK. Headlines around many newspapers read â€Å"Ethnic minorities are now more likely to feel British than white people† There was a study done by the Institute for Public Policy Research that resulted in 51 percent of blacks and Asians describing themselves as British compared with just 29 per cent of whites. Data shows that in 1996, â€Å"52 percent of respondents to a poll said they saw themselves primarily as British. By 2005, this had fallen to just 44 per cent. The IPPR study said that Scottish and Welsh devolution had damaged British feeling† (Daily Mail). Professor Platt stated that â€Å"Given the current anxiety around immigration and concerns that it is challenging a unified national identity, it is interesting to find that minorities in fact hold stronger British identities on average than the majority, we also see that they frequently manage dual identities, rather than opposing one to the other. Among the majority, individual country identities such as Scottish or Welsh can be held alongside a British identity, but in many cases seem to substitute for it† (CLS). Many believe that the desire for minorities to integrate into society is not enough to create a sense of belonging and ultimately the feeling of Britishness. â€Å"The desire to be integral to society has to be reciprocated too, in terms of the opportunity to belong to the national community, as well as in terms of socio-economic inclusion. So the long-term intergenerational decline in racism in British society is also an important and necessary condition for integration and patriotism† (Katwla, 1). Minorities in Great Britain are very active in British society. Katwla claims that â€Å"there is a strong pro-integration preference among minorities – for civic and political participation, democracy and the rule of law, and most recognize the importance of the English language for social, economic and civic inclusion. † The acceptance about being British could also be because of the shared history between Britain and the immigrant’s home country. In places such as India and Africa, the empire was deeply rooted into their history. Katwla goes even further to say that â€Å"The issue is not just claiming a voice in helping to shape a common future. It is also about reminding ourselves that complicated and contested though it certainly was, we have shared more history than we think. You can look for and find British Muslim patriotism in reports from the First World War trenches, and not only in the last few years. † There is however, a negative side to this, as the ethnic minorities are claiming a British identity, many white Britons are claiming another. There is a growing fear that the rise in English national identity is also a rise in hostility towards cultural diversity. So some express the fear that a return to the traditional â€Å"blood nations† will leave the ethnic minorities as the last Brits standing, rallying around a flag that indigenous Brits have deserted† (Katwala). There is a weaker sense of British national identity among white Britons. This presumed decline in Britishness can be seen as â€Å"resulting from one or both of two processes, on the one hand, the English appear to be becoming mo re â€Å"English† at the expense of being British. Secondly, the Scots are seen as becoming more Scottish. And a consequent decline in Britishness is assumed† (Bechhofer, 252). Devolution has contributed in the decline of a British national identity. â€Å"The largest marginal effect by a large distance is the effect of being born in Northern Ireland – this reduces the probability of reporting a British identity by 24%. It is almost certain that this is driven primarily by Northern Irish Catholics among whom there remains a strong demand to be part of Ireland and not the UK and who think of themselves as Irish rather than British† (Manning, F79-F80). Many white Britons are not claiming a national identity and it seems that, for white Britons, the local identity is more important than the national identity. For minorities, it is easier to identity with the national identity because there are no negative connotations associated with it. The British identity allows for the foreigners to keep their home identity which they can maintain their ethnic identity. â€Å"British is a label that unites all peoples living in Britain today regardless of color, creed, and nationality† (Bechhofer , 256). Immigrants who become UK citizens are much more likely to report a British identity and the take-up ofcitizenship might be influenced by a number of factors. â€Å"First, there are a number of practical advantages to citizenship – one has the right to work and vote in the UK and one can travel into the country without the need for a visa†¦ Apart from the practical advantages, there may be more emotional advantages to adopting a British identity. In particular we hypothesize that immigrants may be more likely to express a British identity if Britain compares favorably with the country from which they came† (Manning, F93). Minorities in Britain have also assimilated into the culture of being British. â€Å"There is a large amount of variation across country of birth in the fraction of immigrants reporting a British identity. For those from Slovakia it is less than 5%, for those from Malta more than 80%. But there is, for the most part, a simple explanation for these very large cross-country differences – the average amount of time spent in the UK† (Manning, F84). It seems that the longer the person stays in the country, the more they will think of themselves as British, Britishness just seems to grow on people. Benedict Anderson defines the nation as ‘an imagined community’ that is territorially limited and united by a ‘deep, horizontal, comradeship’ between its members. Adam Luedtke defines social identity ‘an affective (emotional) state of belonging in a social group†¦that stems from extended socialization, and is not easily changed. A ‘nationa l identity’, therefore, is the emotional state of belonging felt by citizens towards, and within, the ‘imagined community’ of their nation† ( Kerr, 1). Over the decades there has been an overall decline in the proportion of people who define themselves as British and nationally characterize themselves as Britons. On average, a higher proportion of non-white ethnic minorities tend to call their selves British and relate to the British national identity. In conclusion, assimilation into the British culture has brought about a strong identity for ethnic minorities. The opposite is true for the white British population. On average there has been a decline in claiming the British national identity and this decline can be pointed to devolution taking place around the United Kingdom. Works Cited BECHHOFER, FRANK, and DAVID McCRONE. â€Å"Being British: A Crisis Of Identity?. † Political Quarterly 78. 2 (2007): 251-260. Academic Search Premier. Web. 26 July 2012. â€Å"Centre for Longitudinal Studies. †Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ CLS. ESRC, n. d. Web. 26 July 2012. http://www. cls. ioe. ac. uk/news. aspx? itemid=2080. â€Å"Ethnic Minorities More Likely to Feel British than White People, Says Research.   Mail Online. Associated Newspapers Ltd, 2007. Web. 26 July 2012. http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-436928/Ethnic-minorities-likely-feel-British-white-people-says-research. html. Katwala, Sunder. â€Å"Why Do Non-white Brits Feel That Little Bit More British? †Ã‚  British Future. British Future, 30 June 2012. Web. 26 July 2012. http://www. britishfuture. org/blog/why-do-non-white-brits- feel-that-little-bit-more-british/. Kerr, Steve. â€Å"The Decline of British Identity. †Ã‚  E-International Relations. E-international Relations, 13 Apr. 2012. Web. 0 July 2012. http://www. e-ir. info/2012/04/13/the-decline-of-british-identity/. Manning, Alan, and Sanchari Roy. â€Å"Culture Clash Or Culture Club? National Identity In Britain. † Economic Journal 120. 542 (2010): F72-F100. Business Source Premier. Web. 30 July 2012. Maxwell, Rahsaan. National and Minority Identification among Non-whites in Britain: Where Is the Tradeoff? Publication. University of Massachusetts, Amherst Department of Political Science, n. d. Web. 26 July 2012. http://www. ecprnet. eu/MyECPR/proposals/reykjavik/uploads/papers/1008. How to cite British National Identity Among Ethnic  Minorities, Papers

Human resources Management Recruitment and Selection †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Human resources Management Recruitment and Selection. Answer: HRM Initiative: Recruitment and Selection The recruitment and selection process of hiring employees is one of the most important jobs of human resource management. This is because it cannot be a blunder that the success of any organisation will depend to the type of talents and human resources it employs in the firm. The quality of the services and products that and organisation provides is always dependent on the talents of the people working in the firm(Derous Fruyt, 2016). In this regard, an effective recruitment and selection process is very important and crucial to the success of the day to day functioning of the organisation. The success of the process will also depend on the people being able to find the right qualifications, skills and expertise that will deliver the objectives of the organisation and enable it make a positive contribution towards the aims and values of the organisation. Also the issue of power and authority at the organisational level is usually shaped by the cultural aspects of the country. For example in china the elderly people have more authority in professional life since it is always believed that they have more experience at work than the young employee who could be knowing the job much better. Such issues also come up whenever an organisation is working toward promoting a fellow employee. In this manner it becomes a challenge for the human resources department to decide on leadership of the multinational company as well qualified and experienced young person cannot be given a chance for promotion or employment(Zhao Liden, 2011). Also after establishing the necessary framework for the establishment of the company in a host country, it is important for the main office to continue regulating the way recruitment and selection is done. Some issues include irregular employment and political interference in the recruitment processes where they pus h for their people to be given priority even when they may not the required qualifications of the post(Askarian, et al., 2010). Process According to Ali, (2016), the recruitment and selection process needs to be obtained at the minimum cost of the quality and number of employees who are required to satisfy the need of the human resources department and that of the organisation. In this manner, Armstrong identified stages that companies need to achieve in order to meet the process. This is as follows: Job Analysis : this is the first step of the recruitment and selection process. The reason for a job analysis is to prepare a job description and specification that will assist the organisation in hiring the right workforce in the organisation(Beardwell Claydon, 2010). The process is usually important as it enables the human resource to generate information that will be later converted in to the tangible outputs used in drafting the job description and specifications of the person the company is looking for. During Job specification, one looks at what has to be done and the person to do it before the recruitment of the vacant position. It is advised that the human resources needs to invest in this time gathering information about the job. Here one does not only have to think about the content of the job but also the purpose of the job and they type of outputs that will be required for the person winning the job to fill the gap. It is also important that the required skills and personal experience in the job is well performed(Demuijnck, 2015). The analysis thus looks at the convincing details on tasks description, the knowledge, relationship of the job and the standards of employment and requirement from the employee. A job analysis is usually conducted by the Human resources department and can entail interviews, observations on incumbents, supervisors and incident investigations. Job Description: This is the second part of the process and it entails a concise deception of the job duties and responsibilities. It is important that the human resources states the content of the job being advertised and what will be expected from the candidate of the particular job. This usually takes different forms that include; summary of the job where there is an overview of the job position and brief description of the most important human resource functions(Derous Fruyt, 2016). The summary will provide readers with what they are expected to have and to do in the designated job. This is where the company can sell jobs to possible candidates and attract as many applicants as possible. There is also the Job specification will gives the required qualifications that will enable the person do the work to the satisfaction of the company. Specification can be used to enable the application learn more about the job including skills, knowledge and ability(Lewis, 2007). Issues such as experience and education, physical requirements of working conditions will also be discussed. The description should be put in a way that it remains beneficial to both the employer and employee. Person Specification: in this stage, the human resource will describe the requirements of the persons going to hold the job so that it gets a person who can do the work to the satisfactory level. This will include training and experience, education and qualification and qualities and attributes(Lewis, 2007). Person specification is thus important as it describes the candidate for the job and will form as a basis for the selection process in order to get the right person. Recruitment sourcing : for any organisation, there are usually two sources for candidates to be recruited. This will also apply to a multinational like Tesco. These sources are either external or internal depending on the budget and the need. The integration of internal sources is usually consistent with the human resource system of the organisation and can always lead to organisation success(Derous Fruyt, 2016). The recruitment and selection process will be the most important part of identifying and finding prospective candidates. In addition, when an internal process is used by the organisation, the main part will entail identifying and finding the prospective candidate. The organisation will thus turn to the existing employees to encourage them to apply for open positions. This is used as part of job rotation program that is as a result of redundancies in other areas of the organisation and a temporary acting position. There are however other factor for internal process which can attract a lot of walk in applications. For such applications interested applicants hand their papers and expect that they will be considered in the internal application or be considered for future vacancies. Interviews and selection: interviews are usually considered to be effective when appraising the application. The approach is said to be imbued with open ended inquiries and other work related questions during the interview sessions. At this point the candidate will be needed to convince the pane of interviewers about their qualifications and skills if they need to be selected, failure to which they will not(Ali, 2016). The interviewer will assess both the intellectual and working skills of the candidate which will be impartially screened during the exercise and interview in the assessment centres. While performing the interviews, the human resources management should be assured that they are going to objectively appraise the candidate, this will be done in both verbal and nonverbal manner. In most cases interviews check several skills and qualification; the evaluation skills, technical skills, critical thinking and occupational attitude toward issues like teamwork. All these qualifications will be measured and the candidate needs to be aware. In this regard interviews are the best ways to do a proper recruitment or selection process(Chen Klimoski, 2007). Job Offer : after the candidate has been taken in the above steps, then the available information will be reviewed in comparison to the rest of the applications. The job offer stage will be granted to people who passed the interview. The human resources will also congratulate the individual and provide them with the details about the rate of pay, working conditions, location and time and where they will be expected to report to work. This will also include a formal introduction to the company employees and allow them to ask additional questions. It is however be remembered that a job offer does not mean the applicant has actually gotten the job. Cost Benefit Analysis The recruitment and selection process will always include the acquisition of costs, the learning and development costs. The acquisition costs ,the direct costs and indirect costs of recruitment and selection with will usually be determined by their hiring from the company or outsourcing for candidates outside the company. There are also the development and learning costs, here direct costs will include those in formal training and training on the job. There will also be the indirect costs which looks at the cost of productivity and time of trainers(Chen Klimoski, 2007). In this manner, direct costs will usually cover the security costs, administrative expenses, advertising, fees and wages to the recruitment agencies, room rentals, travel expenses, design costs jobs and medical examination costs. The indirect cots on the other hand will look at costs of information time, the learning for the candidate the enable them become well fit for the job and personal contribution. It will also look at time and integration costs of new employees, personnel specification, the cost of preparing the job description of each, the time and cost of integration of the new employees to the organisation, the cost of paying for the interviews and the cost spent on administrative issues. It is also important that the company considers other costs such as those that were used in placing the announcements, test interviews, arranging the administration for the interview, registration of new employees in the organisation, review of payment and the cost that come with low productivity of the planned process(Derous Fruyt, 2016). This shows that recruitment and selection process is a huge investment that will have costs which are directly and indirectly calling for quality verification of the results. In this manner, it is also important to incorporate the tangible costs that include writing, consulting costs, advertising cost, interviewing, screening and training, travel expenses and testing new employee setup. When looking at the intangible costs, these are usually less productive with regard to the employee, they will entail costs for the rework of increased recruitment errors, or that of the new person on the job, the cost of paying experienced staff to take on the addition work during the vacancy period(Demuijnck, 2015). Lost productivity from the challenges of team during the period the post was not filled and the cost that will come with reduced performance in case a company decides to closes its store for logistical purpose. There can also be an issue with employee morale especially if the advertising is done and an unlikable examples surround him. There is finally the cost of recruitment which will look at the advertising costs in newspapers, television or notice boards when the recruitment is done internally(Lewis, 2007). The cost of the recruitment agency will also be considered including the cost of the people who recommend candidates for the company and the cost of associations to subscribed professionals. Return on Investment (ROI) For a company like Tesco, return on investment will be measured by the performance of the recruited employees. The company invests close to $6 million in the recruitment, selection and training processes each 2 years. Return on investment are measures that are used to ensure that the cost for recruitment and selection was able provide the required results in the process. Return on investment looks at all aspects of the selection process that include research, advertising, hiring agencies, salary negotiations and agreement and contracts between the employer and employee. Productivity is the most common way of measuring a return on investment(Lewis, 2007). Here Tesco will have to look at whether the people hired are able to perform better on the job. This is usually dependent on the accuracy of the recruitment and selection process. If it is was done well then productivity will definitely increase. It is also important to notice that turnover will occur in organisation. When an organisation has improved in its selection process then they may be able to reduce turnover. One of the reasons for turnover is poor job designations that can be avoided through improved selection processes. The process needs to focus aggressively on screening for motivational fit and identification of individuals that can present high risk for the organisation. A good selection process will also enable the company reduce legal costs(Baskerville, 2003). This is because the job hiring process will be straight and well documented to avoid costly lawsuits that come with summary dismissals and other factors like poor salaries and misuse of employees. By creating and avenue for a legally defensible selection process, companies are able to achieve their goals. The process thus helps organisations hire candidates that are more productive, can make few mistakes and can stay loyal to the organisation for a long t ime thus saving it millions. To get the return on investment in financial terms then the cost will be calculated by 12 months which will be 6,000,000 x 12,000,000 = 72,000,000. This is the total amount that the company expects to make in any recruitment processes.(Lewis, 2007). Good selection process will also ensure that the company has an improved utilization of resources. It is important that during the process the company managers are involved to ensure there is unnecessary waste of time. One of the main goals for organisations is to ensure a smooth entry for different positions and make job offers to candidates they interview. Evaluation With regard to the recruitment and selection process as discussed above, it can be said that Tesco has been doing well. As a multinational company, Tesco needs to consider the above processes when hiring new employees especially in the multinational centres. This is because different countries will have their own requirements. The issues such as qualification and experience will always play in the selection process. It is important that the company considers and internal way of selection when it comes to managerial position and external processes for the other positions. Critical reflective analysis So far Tesco has been performing well when it comes to the recruitment and selection processes. According to Derous Fruyt (2016), a multinational company like Tesco and Small Medium Enterprises of any size usually face a lot of challenges when it comes to the recruitment and selection process. For SMEs they can resolve in filling vacancies of their establishment with relatives and friends, however this is different for multinational companies who will have to spend a lot of money through screening a huge bag of applications in reference to the advertising in the media or internally(Lewis, 2007). There are some issues that are always identified with the recruitment and selection process in most multinationals like the increasing pressure for employment, country laws and regulations, utilisation of the sources of recruitment, ways to delegate the recruitment function and describing the job description including the cost of hiring new employees. These challenges are so rampant that they have resulted to the inadequate use of standard employee and job description during the process. Other factors that come in is the educational standard of the country in which the multinational company is doing the recruitment, this leads the company to spend more financial resources in fine tuning the employed staff and at times they will be forced to overhaul the recruitment and selection process through various aptitude and psychometric tests. References Adler, R. Elmhorst, J., 2010. Communication at work: principles and practices for business and the professions. 10th ed. New York, NY.: McGraw Hill. Ali, A., 2016. Investigating project management practices in Public sector organisations of a less developed country. [Online] Available at: https://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/eserv/rmit:7523/Ali.pdf Askarian, M., Heidarpoor, P. Assadian, O., 2010. A total quality management approach to waste management. Waste Management, 30(11), pp. 2321-2326. Baskerville, R., 2003. Hofstede never studied culture. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 28(1), pp. 3-7. Beardwell, J. Claydon, T., 2010. Human Resource Management: A contemporary approach. 6 ed. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Chen, G. Klimoski, R., 2007. Training and development of human resources at work: Is the state of our science strong?. Human Resource Management Review, 17(2), pp. 180-190. Demuijnck, G., 2015. Universal Values and Virtues in Management Versus Cross-Cultural Moral Relativism: An Educational Strategy to Clear the Ground for Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(4), pp. 817-835. Derous, E. Fruyt, F. D., 2016. Developments in Recruitment and Selection Research: Editorial. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 24(1), pp. 1-3. Lewis, P., 2007. Skills, Training and Human Resource Development: a Critical Text By Irena Grugulis. Human Resource Management Journal, 17(3), pp. 307-308. Markets.ft, 2017. Tesco Plc.. [Online] Available at: https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/summary?s=TSCO:LSE [Accessed 6 May 2017]. Zhao, H. Liden, R., 2011. 2011, "Internship: a recruitment and selection perspective". The Journal of applied psychology, 96(1), pp. 221-229.

Oedipus Rex Innocence vs Guilt free essay sample

A feeling of remorse arising from a real or imagined commission of an offense It is dvantageous if a person has full knowledge. Having that full knowledge can be useful to him/ her in many ways. One can use it to help his/ her own self and other people whenever problems are encountered. He/ she can devise ways to solve whatever problems he/ she or other people might face. He/she can come up with the most effective solutions to the conflicts because he/she already know the causes and effects, consequences and results of each problem and solution. But what is better in having full knowledge is that a person can find ways to avoid he problem; Just like in the health posters, Prevention is better than cure. And if a person cannot avoid it, at least he can be prepared for it. Thus, he/she do not need to experience more pain and sufferings that the problem might bring. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Rex: Innocence vs Guilt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another implication of full knowledge is that one can gain respect and self- esteem. Many people will look highly on him/her because of that full knowledge. They will respect him/her because he/she is a symbol of truth and knowledge. Choragos: This is Teiresias, this is the holy prophet In whom, alone of all men, truth was born(Fitts and Fitzgerald: 485). Also, people will consider him/her as a great person, which may increase a persons self-esteem. And because of this, there is a tendency that other people will make him/her leader or ruler of the group or society. And if not a leader, he/she might be regarded as their guide in their lives. But aside from all those advantages of full knowledge, it has also its disadvantage. Having full knowledge can be troublesome, too. First, it is because it might affect a persons relationship with other people. Some people, if they know that he possesses full knowledge, might not approach him because they are afraid. They think that since he knows all, only their wrong doings and thoughts are the one to be noticed and as a result, they will be mocked or ridiculed by him. Also, people will be scared to face him because of his knowledge about others lives, and if they do something unpleasant to him, he might turn back on them. Secondly, it is troublesome because there are facts and situations that are hard to accept. If he cannot accept it, there will be some tendencies that he will become insane, or worst, end his own life. But even if the fact/ situation is already accepted, nother problem still arouse, and that is when other people wanted to hear about it. It is hard to speak about what he knows because it may harm others. Teiresias: How But made myself forget. I should not have come. (Fitts and Fitzgerald: 505). Having only partial knowledge has its own danger. If only partial knowledge is possessed by a person, he might make a mistake or do inappropriate actions. The assumptions he makes about a person or a situation might be wrong, which may lead to another, greater problem. Instead of being able to solve the conflict, it only become worst because the whole detail was not present. Another danger of partial knowledge is that the people will be having a hard time solving the conflict they are facing. And because of it, their sufferings will be prolonged. Choragos: The King was said to have been killed by a highwaymen Oedipus: I know But we have no witnesses(Fitts and Fitzgerald: 485) One of the problems of Oedipus was that he did know his real origin. The statement Know thyself is significant because if Oedipus fully know himself, the crimes he had committed might be prevented from happening. Having known his own self, of course, include his real origin. It is because his origin was of his identity. But since he did not try to discover more about himself, the parricide and incest happened. In the beginning, Oedipus does not examine all of what he has done in his life so far. He only knew what good he has done to the people around him, and that made him too proud. And because of this he did not pursuit to acquire more information about his life. One can not fill a cup that is already full. Oedipus is a tragic character, but at the same time, a pathetic one. He is a tragic because he suffered so much especially when he learned that he is the murderer hom he seeks. He possesses wisdom, power and wealth but because of the crime, all of it went to waste. But Oedipus is also pathetic because he attempt to escape Corinth to avoid the prophecy, yet he ended up fulfilling the prophecy. It is because he did not first confirm if the mother and father that were in the prophecy were Polybos and Merope of Corinth; and he did not find evidences that they were his real parents. If he find evidences, then there is a possibility that his life would not lead to what the prophecy foretold. Hes pathetic because he became a victim (of the ncidents that happened upon him), he could only do but to react. Oedipus came to life because of Laios and Jocaste, yet had been wished also by them to be destroyed that in the very beginning, Oedipus has not been given a choice. 3. Yes, Oedipus is morally and legally guilty of his crimes he has committed the action. And parricide and incest is against the moral values and law of the society. His ignorance of information/ knowledge does Justify his crimes. Oedipus should have tried to discover more about him. He should have look for evidences that Justify that he was he son of Polybos and Merope, especially when he heard what the drunken man have said about him. Oedipus: At a feast, a drunken man maundering in his cups Cries out that I am not my fathers son! (Fitts and Fitzgerald: 498) After he heard that, asked his parents about it and learned that it was a lie, he must be comforted and felt at ease already. But a strange feeling was still in his mind, right from then and there, he should have seek for evidences about the statements of the drunk man and his parents. Oedipus: yet the suspicion remained always aching in my mind. I knew here was talk; I could not rest (Fitts and Fitzgerald: 499) He should be the one to Delphi, since he was dismissed, he should be more determined to find the truth about his origin. But since he did not do further investigations, even though he has suspicions, he ended up committing the crimes. On his way to a new Journey, though he has a reason, it is still not righteous to slay a man and his guards Just to claim a right of way. What is the value of that road compared to the lives of men? Reasonable or not, people decides for themselves thus people have choices and choices are followed by responsibilities.

The Computer Revolution Essay Example

The Computer Revolution Essay Example The Computer Revolution Essay The Computer Revolution Essay Internet communications are a wonderful tool, however there are some disadvantages in using cyber-communication. One would be hackers, they simply make viruses, these viruses can cause a number of different problems within your computer from putting a constant beep in your computer speakers or it can be disastrous and ruin your hard-drive. Hackers can also go into chat rooms, which is where people from all over the world go into and talk. Hackers go into these rooms and take over, making the computers on the other side overload with commands which in end, makes their computer collapse. Hackers can be very malicious and will destroy any information found when breaking into a system, plant viruses and steal information from your computer. Even with an anti-virus protection on your computer, a hacker can still break in. Many people have had their identity stolen from their personal computer, limited your personal information that you place on your computer. There are some advantages with cyber-communication as well. Those computer communications can be seen as a way to limit social activities with other people, it is also a good way to contact people globally. Not only can you use a computer for communications, but also they are helpful uses for business and educational tools. The internet computer technology has made our lives easier and more efficient. Just look as all of the opportunities we can now do anything from traveling, shopping or keeping in touch with friends and family through e-mails, Facebook, twitter and MySpace. The Internet is a worldwide connection of thousands of computer networks. The Internet allows people with access to these networks to share information and knowledge. Resources available on the Internet are chat groups, e-mail, newsgroups, file transfers, and the World Wide Web. The Internet has no centralized authority and it is uncensored. The Internet belongs to everyone and to on one. The Web’s development was based on the transmission of web pages over the Internet, called Hyper Text Transmission Protocol or HTTP. It is an interactive system for the Dissemination and retrieval of information through web pages. The pages may consist of text, pictures, sound , music , voice, animations, and video. With this I am able to receive and send home video to my mother in Virginia, and she is able to receive and send back to me. This way much easier and faster way of communicating. To call my mother long distance daily would create a huge phone bill. Using the internet, I am able to stay in touch daily; we play games together and send different things through instant messenger and e- mail. In conclusion, the Internet has dramatically changed from its original purpose. It Was formed by the United States Government for exclusive use of government officials and the military to communicate after a nuclear war. Today, the Internet is used globally for a variety of purposes. People can send their friends an electronic â€Å"hello† they can download a recipe for a new type of lasagna. They can argue about politics on-line, and even shop and bank electronically in their homes. The number of people signing on-line is still increasing and the end is not in sight. In conclusion there will always be advantages and disadvantages, cyber connection is a great way and inexpensive way to communicate with all types of people from anywhere in the world. With that comes the risk of a hacker getting into your computer and stealing your personal information. Be internet responsible and smart, make sure that you do have security protection on your computer, and never give out personal information should you enter into a chat room. We as humans are social creatures by nature, don’t lose that personal interaction with others, we need that skill to obtain employment, and much other uses. Have fun with the internet, but don’t allow the internet to control or keep you from the personal touch of the outside world.

Hydraulic Fracturing & Policy Actions in New York Research Paper

Hydraulic Fracturing & Policy Actions in New York - Research Paper Example The country has several potential sites for oil deposits which recently have been explored by oil-drilling companies. The latest innovation on oil drilling techniques has opened opportunities for the United States to become oil dependent, opening abundant supply of natural gases which the US didn’t have several years ago. One of the newest techniques being used for extracting high volume oil is called â€Å"Hydraulic Fracturing†. Even though this new technique would open up a big opportunity for the United States to become self-sufficient on oil, there is still manifold repudiation on the ratification of the proposal on several states as bunch of claims were raised that this type of gas extraction might come at the expense of the health of the public as well as the environment. Many government agencies proposed policies in order to regulate the natural gas explorations in various states in the country. This particular study focuses on the pathway of the states of New Yo rk alongside Pennsylvania in the writing of parametric policies that will regulate the oil-drilling operations and at the same time to protect the public safety by ensuring prevention of contaminating the water supplies and precluding some other side effects of Hydraulic Fracturing from taking place. What is Hydraulic Fracturing? â€Å"Hydraulic Fracturing is the propagation of fractures in a rock layer caused by the presence of a pressurized fluid. Hydraulic fractures may form naturally, as in the case of veins or dikes, or may be man-made in order to release petroleum, natural gas, coal seam gas, or other substances for extraction, where the technique is often called frackin or hydrofracking.†Ã‚  frackin  or  hydrofracking.† Since there are solid rock formations underneath the soil, hydraulic fracturing also uses chemicals and other substances in a form of highly-pressurized fluid that will fracture the rock formation paving the way towards the recovery of fossil fuels which are later to be converted into various petroleum products. In the United States, Hydraulic Fracturing is defined as â€Å"†¦is the process of utilizing pressurized water, chemical additives, and physical proppants to fracture rock layers and release petroleum, natural gas, or other substances so that they can be e xtracted.† Proppants are substances in forms of sand or fine coarse to prevent drilled holes from closing when operations are tentatively ceased. Hydraulic Fracturing is also common outside the United States. In Canada, though they have started the drilling operations by fracking in the 1990s, complaints about its safety as verbalized by the concerned and affected residents arose only after eleven years. In Australia, hydraulic fracturing is also very common; however, there were reported breakage or leaks on the pipes used for extraction which as per the report has contaminated the water supply in some parts of Australia. This has triggered the national and local governments in Australia to regulate the oil-drilling operations by potently prohibiting the inclusion of chemicals in the drilling process. Some other countries which use hydraulic fracturing are New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom. Further, France had also used the technique but was eventually sent to c losure after manifold public complaints. THE HYDRAULIC FRACTURING AND POLICY ACTION IN NEW YORK 4 The environmental and

Should some of the possessory type drug offenses that are now Essay

Should some of the possessory type drug offenses that are now prosecuted such as marijuana cocaine and heroin be repealed and instead become legalized regulated and taxed - Essay Example The following paragraphs will present one’s justifications for believing that now is the time to make the necessary changes with regards to the policies on drugs. The first reason why one believes that the drug trade should be legalized is because its being prohibited has paved the way for huge opportunities for organized crime (Husak , par 113). Black marketers abound because the trade is not legal. It is believed that most organized crimes are funded through the sale of illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine and heroin (Husak , par 113). Furthermore, most of these drugs have become expensive because of their being illegal and not because of their high manufacturing cost. This being the case, most of its users commit property crimes just to be able to purchase the drugs. These crimes could be prevented if these drugs will be legalized, since it will command lower prices (Husak , par 115). Another rationale why one thinks laws against illegal drugs should be eradicated is that it has led to widespread corruption within the law enforcement agencies (Husak , par 114). Because of the huge sums of money involved in the trade of illicit drugs, several police officers have become involved in its trade. The government is losing millions because of the illegal trade of illicit drugs. One believes that if the sale of these drugs will be decriminalized, the government will benefit from the taxes that will be imposed on its trade. On the contrary, if the government continues to stop its trade, only the black marketers and the organized drug syndicates will benefit from it. Due to the prohibition of drugs like heroin or marijuana, more people become interested and curious to use it. This is what is termed as the â€Å"forbidden fruit† phenomenon (Husak , par 118). In fact, in Netherlands, once marijuana was decriminalized, the use started to decline

Is it safe to use cell phone while driving Essay

Is it safe to use cell phone while driving - Essay Example The issue on the use of cell phones while driving has been controversial since people has different stands on the issue. Using of cell phones while driving has been made illegal in many countries even with varying reactions on the issue. This is after considering the number of accidents caused by drivers on cell phones while driving. Is it safe to use cell phones while driving? This paper will analyze different texts on their position on this issue. The essay shall focus on whether accidents have reduced after sensitization or not. The text will also include evidence from the analyzed articles on the effects of driving while on a cell phone. The article by Rosenbloom supports and the same time criticizes the use of cells while driving. The article highlights a study conducted on twenty three drivers on their effects on speed while using a cell phone (Rosenbloom 207). The study was conducted on 10 minutes into driving while using a cell phone and ten minutes while not using the cell phone. In an argument by Rosenbloom, drivers who engaged in short phone calls did not change their driving speed (207). However, drivers who took long on their cells, over 16 minutes, increased their driving speed (Rosenbloom, 207). The article asserts that other factors such as time spent on phone should be considered when citing the dangers of using cells while driving. In an argument by Constandache, Choudhury & Rhee it is possible to provide a driver with location as they drive through their phones (1). Comparing this article to the question on the safety of mobile use while driving, it is an obvious assumption the author believe in its safety since a driver will be well directed. Constandache, Choudhury & Rhee suggested the use of CompAcc as a way in which a driver could use their phones as a safety measure while driving in an unknown location (9). The authors tend to assert that driving in an unknown

Discrimination Against Lesbians in Britain

Discrimination Against Lesbians in Britain Lesbianism and the problems of identification in contemporary Britain In Britain, lesbian women may not have had to campaign to have their sexual activities decriminalised, as homosexual had needed to do; yet their lives were not free of problems. However, men even homosexual men had more social, economic, and political power and status than British women did as a whole have. Men had a greater control of and over their own bodies than either heterosexual or lesbian women had in the immediate post-war period, and indeed before then as well. British lesbian women would have to campaign for greater rights as both women do, and as lesbians to challenge the discrimination and expected gender roles from a patriarchal and heterosexual dominated society. In other words, British lesbians had to counter sexual discrimination as well as orientation discrimination before they were able to feel fully secure in publicising their sexual orientation and identification. Changing public perceptions of their different gender roles and sexual orientation was, as the main lesbian rights groups realised was not going to be easy, as their experiences during the 1970s proved.[8] In Britain the 1960s was a decade that brought about some wide-ranging social changes and promised further changes for the future. Lesbian women could certainly regard the availability of the contraceptive pill and the legalisation of abortion as being an improvement for the choices that all women were able to make in relation to their own bodies. During the 1960s expectations about the gender roles of women began to change, as feminism meant that fewer women were prepared to become wives and mothers without having a career first. Lesbian women also realised they did not have to put up with marriage and children just because it was expected of them to do so. The decriminalisation of male homosexual acts at the end of the 1960s could also be viewed as a demonstration that British society was slowly becoming less illiberal in its attitudes towards people that embraced alternative lifestyles. For the more radical lesbians the social changes in the 1960s were the start of the process of fighting discrimination, rather than the end of the process. British lesbian women and gay men were encouraged to start gay pride movements by the apparent success such groups in the United States were having in altering social attitudes, especially in cities like New York and San Francisco.[9] British lesbian and gay pride organisations began in earnest during the early 1970s with the objectives of enabling their members to have pride in their orientation identification, as well as aiming to reduce the level of social discrimination which their own members had to endure. The hope was that reduced social discrimination and reduced fear of such prejudices would allow all lesbian women to readily admit their sexuality with pride. These lesbian pride organisations as a whole found that changing social attitudes towards them and their sexual orientation was a slow process, after all generations of social prejudices could not be expected to vanish overnight.[10] The effectiveness or otherwise of lesbian and gay pride movements since the 1970s has been an area of much debate. Depending on which criteria are used to judge the gay pride movements the achievements of these organisations will alter.[11] If judging the achievements of the lesbian and gay pride movements solely in terms of their ability to have anti-discrimination legislation passed these movements were undoubtedly a failure before the election of the New Labour government in 1997.[12] The only lesbian women to gain from anti-discrimination legislation between the early 1970s and 1997 did so because they also came under gender equality, race relations and disability legislation. Governments from the early 1970s did not believe that legislation was needed to prevent homophobic discrimination, leaving lesbian and gay pride organisations on their own to lower such prejudice aimed at their members. New Labour has taken more steps than any previous governments to pass legislation to red uce homophobic prejudices and promote the rights of all lesbians and gays. New Labour legislation has included passing legislation to end discrimination upon the grounds of sexual orientation to enhance the opportunities for all lesbians and gays to be openly identified as such without fear of homophobic discrimination. Besides specific legislation to protect lesbian and gay rights, lesbians can also use the Human Rights Act of 1998 to make sure that their orientation being publicly identifiable is not detrimental to their rights or their safety.[13] Under New Labour, lesbian women have finally received legal equality with heterosexual men and women. For instance, lesbian women and gay men are no longer dismissed from Britain’s armed forces if they openly admit their sexuality. Lesbian women and gay men now also have the right to ‘marry’ each other in civil partnerships. The introduction of civil partnerships means that lesbian women in long term partnerships hav e the same rights as married and co-habitant heterosexual couples in terms of property, taxation and inheritance rights, as well as the same benefit and pension entitlements. Lesbian women now have the same rights as heterosexual women when it comes to the custody or adoption of children.[14] In respect of the lesbian pride movements they probably had a more immediate impact on changing social attitudes towards them than they did in influencing governments to pass legislation which tackled discrimination against them. Lesbian and gay pride organisations did not use the same tactics to publicise their sexual orientation. The more radical lesbian and gay pride organisations were happy to shock heterosexuals in British society with the tone and the methods in which they demonstrated their identifications of sexual orientations. More radical groups were even prepared to ‘out’ famous people to make headlines and raise public awareness of lesbian and gay issues.[15] Other more moderate lesbian and gay pride groups were less keen on showing their sexual orientation and identification in such an ostentatious manner. The more moderate lesbian pride groups would have preferred to be open about their sexual orientation and identification without using over the top publi city stunts. Moderate lesbian groups would have fitted in with insider pressure groups, which attempt to achieve their objectives behind closed doors, rather than in public. Radical lesbian and gay pride groups are examples of outsider groups that have little influence with governments and rely on publicity to bring their objectives to public attention.[16] The campaigns of lesbian pride groups were not as successful in changing public perceptions of lesbian women as a majority of those groups would have hoped from the early 1970s. This was especially the case during the period of Conservative governments between 1979 to 1997. The Conservative party more than the Labour and Liberal/Liberal Democrats parties like to represent traditional family values instead of promoting the rights and the lifestyles of lesbian and gay pride groups. When in office the Conservatives prevented lesbian and gay groups’ form educating school pupils about their sexual orientations and identification through the infamous section 28. Lesbian and gay groups lobbied New Labour to have the section removed as soon as possible. The media did not always help lesbian and gay groups convey the messages to the public that they wanted to be sent out, especially right wing newspapers did not want to change public perceptions of lesbian women. The right wing newspap ers often portrayed the objectives of lesbian and gay groups in the most negative perspective possible.[17] Despite the efforts of some politicians, religious groups, and parts of the media the number of people who happen to be publicly prepared to be known as being lesbian and gay in Britain has increased noticeably since the 1970s. It is harder to argue out right that such a situation is entirely due to the attempts of lesbian and gay pride groups to alter the attitudes of British society. After all changed reactions towards their orientation and gender identification could have resulted from the campaigning of such groups, or alternatively could just have been a continuation of increasing indifference to how other people chose to live their lives.[18] Thus in conclusion, lesbian women in Britain have not always felt comfortable or able to openly display their sexual orientation, and their gender identification due to the nature of British society. The immediate post-war society in Britain has remained predominantly patriarchal and heterosexual in terms of social and gender relationships as well as expected behaviours, roles, and identifications. That situation meant lesbianism did exist in Britain, it was just well hidden. The 1960s were a decade that kick started the process of altering British society, and provided the stimulus for lesbian and gay pride groups to emerge during the early 1970s. The legacies, influence, and success of such groups are highly debatable. Although these groups certainly raised the profile of lesbians and gays in Britain they actually had little affect on the mainstream political agenda prior to New Labour gaining office in 1997. Lesbian and gay pride groups may have attempted to increase acceptance of their lifestyles and their alternative identifications, yet changing public perceptions of lesbian women has not been universal or overwhelmingly favourable. The way in socialisation operates in such a haphazard way means that the predominantly heterosexual and patriarchal nature of British society will continue for a considerable amount of time, even if the acceptance of lesbian women should continue to improve, and more fluid gender roles should develop further. Bibliography Abercrombie N, Hill S Turner B S (2000) Penguin Dictionary of Sociology 4th edition, Penguin, London Eatwell R Wright A (2003) Contemporary Political Ideologies 2nd Edition, Continuum, London Hobsbawm, E (1994) Age of Extremes, the Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991, Michael Joseph, London Whitaker’s, (2007) Whitaker’s Almanack – today’s world in a single volume, A C Black, London Young H, (2003) supping with the Devils – Political writing from Thatcher to Blair, Guardian Books, London 1 Footnotes [1] Abercrombie, Hill, Turner, 2000 p. [2] Judt, 2007 p.485 [3] Martin, 2003 p. 233 [4] Abercrombie, Hill, Turner, 2000 p. 314 [5] Abercrombie, Hill, Turner, 2000 p. 314 [6] Abercrombie, Hill, Turner, 2000 p. 314 [7] Sandbrook, 2005 p. 599 [8] Eatwell Wright, 2003 p. 214 [9] Hobsbawm, 1994 p. 428 [10] Abercrombie, Hill, Turner, 2000 p. 314 [11] Judt, 2007 p. 785 [12] Abercrombie, Hill Turner, 2000, p. 314 [13] Young, 2003 p. 216 [14] Whitaker’s, 2007 p. 604 [15] Judt, 2007 p. 785 [16] Abercrombie, Hill, Turner, 2000 p. 336 [17] Abercrombie, Hill, Turner, 2000 p. 314 [18] Judt, 2007 p. 785

Science in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Hard Times by Charles Dicken

The 19th century was a time of massive change socially, politically and scientifically. This time saw the rise of Imperialism and of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, seeing massive changes in the way industry was run. Also during this time the literary movements of Romanticism and Victorianism emerged. Romanticism dealt with the issues of reality versus illusion, childhood and man versus nature. The first book I will examine in this essay, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, comes from this literary period and focuses on the man versus nature theme, namely the theme of scientific development and it’s contrast to nature. The second book I will look at in this essay comes from the Victorian period of the 19th century. This period saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution and of huge social and political change. Hard Times by Charles Dickens deals with these issues very closely, focussing mainly on the rise of industry in Britain and its effects on the people of Britain. Bot h of these novels challenge the social, political and scientific developments of the 19th century, namely the advent of science and technology. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has become almost a myth in our culture; it so deeply probes the collective cultural psyche and our fear of science and progress. â€Å"Frankenstein is our culture’s most penetrating literary analysis of the psychology of modern ‘scientific’ man, of the dangers inherent in scientific research, and the exploitation of nature and of the female implicit in a technological society† (Mellor, 1988:38). The interesting thing about Frankenstein is that there can be multiple readings of the text. It can be seen as a conservative criticism of science, a Promethean belief of the unlimited progress of science, the feminist anti-female principle angle to the story, even a religion versus science story. What I will explore through this essay is each of these readings and shed some light on this wonderful novel. â€Å"The value of Mary Shelley’s novel lies not in presenting a clear morale but encouraging the readers to make up th eir own† (members.aon.at.htm). The most obvious and well-known theory of the story of Frankenstein is that of a warning to the dangers of science: â€Å" Mary Shelley’s implicit warning against possible dangers inherent in the technological developments of modern science† (Mellor, 1988:114). Shelley was very interested in ... ... David Copperfield and Hard Times, New York: Macmillan Press. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Small, C. (1972) Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein-Tracing the Myth, Pittsburgh: University Of Pittsburgh Press. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shelley, M. (1996) Frankenstein: A Norton Critical Edition, New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tambing, J. (1995) Dickens, Violence and The Modern State, London: Macmillan Press. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ashbury, M (2001) Representation of Industrialization in Dickens’ Hard Times [Online]. Available: http://www.colourpurple.com [Accessed 25th April 2005]. 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allingham, P. (2000) Charles Dickens’ Hard Times for These Times as an Industrial Novel [Online]. Available: http://www.victoriaweb.com [Accessed: 25th April 2005]. 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rohrmoser, A. (2004) The Origin of a Myth: Mary Shelley's Novel Frankenstein [Online]. Available: http://membersaon.at.htm [Accessed: 25th April 2005]. 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oldham, R. (2000) Charles Dickens’ Hard Times: Romantic Tragedy of Proletariat Propaganda [Online]. Available: http://www.pillowrock.com [Accessed: 25th April 2005]. 13.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frankenstein: a science-fiction novel or a scientific fiction? [Online], (2001). Available: http://gala.univ-perp.fr [Accessed: 25th April 2005].

Brand Potency of Soft Drink in India

Introduction Research Objective The sole objective of making of this research report is to know about the present BRAND potency of PEPSI in comparison to other brands of soft drinks competing in the Indian market and by the help of a research to know that which soft drink brand has a highest brand potency. This report will further put a spotlight on the various soft drinks competitors in the Indian Market and the attitude and choice of the customers about their preferred soft drinks. Industry/Company Background Soft drink market size for FY00 was around 270 million cases (6480mn bottles). The market witnessed 5- 6% growth in the early‘90s. Presently the market growth has growth rate of 7- 8% per annum compared to 22% growth rate in the previous year. The market size for FY01 is expected to be 7000 million bottles. Soft Drink Production area The market preference is highly regional based. While cola drinks have main markets in metro cities and northern states of UP, Punjab, Haryana etc. Orange flavored drinks are popular in southern states. Sodas too are sold largely in southern states besides sale through bars. Western markets have preference towards mango flavored drinks. Diet coke presently constitutes just 0. 7% of the total carbonated beverage market. Growth promotional activities The government has adopted liberalized policies for the soft drink trade to give the industry a boast and promote the Indian brands internationally. Although the import and manufacture of international brands like Pepsi and Coke is enhanced in India the local brands are being stabilized by advertisements, good quality and low cost. The soft drinks market till early 1990s was in hands of domestic players like campa, thumps up, Limca etc but with opening up of economy and coming of MNC players Pepsi and Coke the market has come totally under their control. The distribution network of Coca cola had 6. 5 lakhs outlets across the country in FY00, which the company is planning to increase to 8 lakhs by FY01. On the other hand Pepsi Co's distribution network had 6 lakh outlets across the country during FY00 which it is planning to increase to 7. 5 Lakh by FY01. Types Soft drinks are available in glass bottles, aluminum cans and PET bottles for home consumption. Fountains also dispense them in disposable containers Non-alcoholic soft drink beverage market can be divided into fruit drinks and soft drinks. Soft drinks can be further divided into carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. Cola, lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks while mango drinks come under non carbonated category. The market can also be segmented on the basis of types of products into cola products and non-cola products. Cola products account for nearly 61-62% of the total soft drinks market. The brands that fall in this category are Pepsi, Coca- Cola, Thumps Up, diet coke, Diet Pepsi etc. Non-cola segment which constitutes 36% can be divided into 4 categories based on the types of flavors available, namely: Orange, Cloudy Lime, Clear Lime and Mango. About Pepsico & Its Products PepsiCo Mission â€Å"To be the world's premier consumer products company focused on convenience foods and beverages. We seek to produce healthy financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity. † Corporate Profile PepsiCo In India PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and has grown to become one of the country’s leading food and beverage companies. One of the largest multinational investors in the country, PepsiCo has established a business which aims to serve the long term dynamic needs of consumers in India. PepsiCo India and its partners have invested more than U. S. $1 billion since the company was established in the country. PepsiCo provides direct and indirect employment to 150,000 people including suppliers and distributors. PepsiCo nourishes consumers with a range of products from treats to healthy eats, that deliver joy as well as nutrition and always, good taste. PepsiCo India’s expansive portfolio includes iconic refreshment beverages Pepsi, 7 UP, Mirinda and Mountain Dew, in addition to low calorie options such as Diet Pepsi, hydrating and nutritional beverages such as Aquafina drinking water, isotonic sports drinks – Gatorade, Tropicana100% fruit juices, and juice based drinks – Tropicana Nectars, Tropicana Twister and Slice. Local brands – Lehar Evervess Soda, Dukes Lemonade and Mangola add to the diverse range of brands. PepsiCo’s foods company, Frito-Lay, is the leader in the branded salty snack market and all Frito Lay products are free of trans-fat and MSG. It manufactures Lay’s Potato Chips, Cheetos extruded snacks, Uncle Chipps and traditional snacks under the Kurkure and Lehar brands. The company’s high fibre breakfast cereal, Quaker Oats, and low fat and roasted snack options enhance the healthful choices available to consumers. Frito Lay’s core products, Lay’s, Kurkure, Uncle Chipps and Cheetos are cooked in Rice Bran Oil to significantly reduce saturated fats and all of its products contain voluntary nutritional labeling on their packets. The group has built an expansive beverage and foods business. To support its operations, PepsiCo has 43 bottling plants in India, of which 15 are company owned and 28 are franchisee owned. In addition to this, PepsiCo’s Frito Lay foods division has 3 state-of-the-art plants. PepsiCo’s business is based on its sustainability vision of making tomorrow better than today. PepsiCo’s commitment to living by this vision every day is visible in its contribution to the country, consumers and farmers. Performance With Purpose Performance with Purpose articulates PepsiCo India's belief that its businesses are intrinsically connected to the communities and world that surrounds it. Performance with Purpose means delivering superior financial performance at the same time as we improve the world. To deliver on this commitment, PepsiCo India will build on the incredibly strong foundation of achievement and scale up its initiatives while focusing on the following 4 critical areas that have a business link and where we believe that we can have the most impact. |  |[pic] | | | | | |[pic]REPLENISHING WATER PepsiCo India continues to replenish |[|[pic] | |water and aims to achieve positive water balance by 2009, |p|PARTNERSHIP WITH FARMERS | |which means it is committed to saving and recharging more |i|PepsiCo India’s Agri-partnerships with farmers help more than | |water than it uses in its beverage plants. |c|22,000 farmers across the country earn more. | |]| | |   |  |   | |[pic] |  |[pic] | | | | | |   |  |   | |[pic] |  |[pic]HEALTHY KIDS | |WASTE TO WEALTH | |PepsiCo India will stay committed to the health and well-being| |PepsiCo India continues to  convert Waste to Wealth, to make | |of children. It will continue to provide children with a | |cities cleaner. This award winning initiative has   established| |healthy and fun portfolio while simultaneously tackling the | |Zero Solid Waste centres that benefit more than 2,00,000 | |calories out’ side of the equation by expanding its Get Active| |community members throughout the country | |programme for kids, especially for school going children. | | |PepsiCo will also launch and distribute products directly | | | |aimed at addressing nutritional deficiencies and will launch a| | | |pilot program that directly delivers against the United | | | |Nations’ Millennium Development Goal to eradicate extreme | | | |poverty and hunger by 2015. | PepsiCo’s global commitment to Performance with P urpose PepsiCo believes that its performance is fundamentally connected to its purpose agenda which represents the commitment to give back as the company grows. It is a continuing journey that spans three major areas of focus – human, environmental and talent sustainability. Human Sustainability reflects PepsiCo’s goal of nourishing consumers with products that range from treats to healthy eats. PepsiCo’s products have always offered consumers nutrition as well as great taste. The progress that PepsiCo has made under the Human Sustainability pillar includes reformulating some of its products to improve their nutritional profile while launching products that reflect consumer demand for healthier nutritious snacks and beverages. PepsiCo partners with Governments, health officials and Non Governmental Organisations to help address obesity concerns and it continues to provide consumers with new product choices and innovations. Environmental Sustainability is based on PepsiCo’s commitment to strive to replenish the resources used where possible, and minimize the impact on the environment. PepsiCo continues to work to further reduce its water and electricity consumption and improve its packaging sustainability. Across the world, PepsiCo has re-used water from its processing plants and has worked with local communities to provide access to clean water, while supporting farmers to deliver â€Å"more crop per drop. † Talent Sustainability is founded on PepsiCo’s belief that cherishing its extraordinary group of people is crucial to building an empowered workforce. PepsiCo pursues diversity and creates an inclusive environment which encourages associates to bring their whole selves to work. PepsiCo has increased female and minority representation in the management ranks and has encouraged employees to participate in community service activities while continuing to create rewarding job opportunities for people with different abilities. Together, PepsiCo associates across the world are building on the platform of Human, Environment and Talent Sustainability, while delivering great financial results. PepsiCo India’s Performance With Purpose To deliver on the commitment of Performance With Purpose, PepsiCo India continues to build on  its strong foundation of achievements and scale up its initiatives while focusing on the following 4 critical areas that are linked to its business and where it can have the most impact. PepsiCo India’s Performance with Purpose | |Replenishing water | |[pic] | |PepsiCo India continues to replenish water and aims to achieve positive water balance by 2009, which means it is committed to saving | |and recharging more water than it uses in its beverage plants. | | | |   | |Waste to Wealth | |[pic] | |PepsiCo India continues to  convert Waste to Wealth, to make cities cleaner. This award winning initiative  has established Zero Solid | |Waste centres that benefit more than 200,000 community members throughout the country. | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |   | |[pic] | | | | | | | |Partnership with Farmers | |[pic] | |PepsiCo India’s agri-partnerships with farmers help 22,000 farmers across the country earn more. | | | | | | | |   | |Healthy Kids | |[pic] | |PepsiCo India stays committed to the health and well-being of  kids. It will continue to provide children with a diverse, heathful and| |fun portfolio while simultaneously encouraging active lifestyles by expanding its Get Active programme for kids, especially for | |school going children. PepsiCo will also launch and distribute products directly aimed at addressing nutritional deficiencies and | |will launch a pilot program that directly delivers against the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goal to eradicate extreme | |poverty and hunger by 2015. | | | [pic] Pepsi is a soft drink that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. It is sold in retail stores, restaurants, cinemas and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s by pharmacist Caleb Bradham in New Bern, North Carolina. The brand was trademarked on June 16, 1903. There have been many Pepsi variants produced over the years since 1898, including Diet Pepsi, Crystal Pepsi, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Max, Pepsi Free, Pepsi AM, Pepsi Samba, Pepsi Blue, Pepsi Gold, Pepsi Holiday Spice, Pepsi Jazz, Vanilla Pepsi, Pepsi X (available in Finland and Brazil), Pepsi Next (available in Japan and South Korea), Pepsi Raw, Pepsi Retro in Mexico, Pepsi One, Pepsi Ice Cucumber and Pepsi White in Japan. In October 2008, Pepsi announced they would be redesigning its logo and re-branding many of its products by early 2009. In 2009, Pepsi, Diet Pepsi and Pepsi Max began using all lower-case fonts for name brands, and Diet Pepsi Max was re-branded as Pepsi Max. The brand's blue and red globe trademark became a series of â€Å"smiles,† with the central white band arcing at different angles depending on the product. As of January 2009, Pepsi's newer logos have only been adopted in the United States. Currently, Pepsi Wild Cherry and Pepsi ONE are the only two products that still use their previous design. Diet Pepsi Wild Cherry, Diet Pepsi Lime, and Diet Pepsi Vanilla received the redesign. Origins Pepsi was originally named â€Å"Brad's Drink†, after its creator, a pharmicist in New Bern, North Carolina. It was created in the summer of 1893 and was later renamed Pepsi Cola in 1898, possibly due the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe. Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in digestion and boost energy. Another theory is that Bradham and his customers simply thought the name â€Å"Pepsi† sounded good and reflected the fact that the drink had some kind of â€Å"pep† in it because it was a carbonated drink. And another theory is that the word Pepsi was chosen because it reflected phonetically the sound of a can being opened, the sound â€Å"pop† â€Å"schi†, was condensed and simplified in the name â€Å"Pepsi†. This theory can be considered folklore only, since at the time of the naming of the drink, Pepsi was sold in glass bottles and not metal cans; and the pop top lid producing Pepsi's oddly phonetic sound wouldn't be invented for another forty years. In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore into a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1929, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1926, the logo was changed again. In 1929, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield endorsed Pepsi-Cola in newspaper ads as â€Å"A bully drink†¦ refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race† In 1931, the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt during the Great Depression- in large part due to financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of World War I. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again. Pepsi's assets were then purchased by Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores' fountains after Coke refused to give him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Loft's chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula. Rise During the Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1936 of a 12-ounce bottle. Initially priced at 10 cents, sales were slow, but when the price was slashed to five cents, sales increased substantially. With a radio advertising campaign featuring the jingle â€Å"Pepsi cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you,† Pepsi encouraged price-watching consumers to switch, obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of six ounces a bottle for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the 12 ounces Pepsi sold at the same price. Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. In 1936 alone 500,000,000 bottles of Pepsi were consumed. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Cola's profits doubled. Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi-Cola company. A long legal battle, Guth v. Loft, then ensued, with the case reaching the Delaware Supreme Court and ultimately ending in a loss for Guth. Marketing [pic] [pic] A bottle of Pepsi with its 2003-2008 logo. This Pepsi logo is still used with Pepsi Wild Cherry, Pepsi ONE, and in many countries. In 1975, Pepsi introduced the Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with television commercials reporting the test results to the public. In 1976 Pepsi, RKO Bottlers in Toledo, Ohio hired the first female Pepsi salesperson, Denise Muck, to coincide with the United States bicentennial celebration. In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy. By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 â€Å"Ageless Wonders† that â€Å"helped redefine promotion marketing. † In 2007, PepsiCo redesigned their cans for the fourteenth time, and for the first time, included more than thirty different backgrounds on each can, introducing a new background every three weeks. One of their background designs includes a string of repetitive numbers 73774. This is a numerical expression from a telephone keypad of the word â€Å"Pepsi. † In late 2008, Pepsi overhauled their entire brand, simultaneously introducing a new logo and a minimalist label design. The redesign was comparable to Coca-Cola's earlier simplification of their can and bottle designs. Due to the timing of the new logo release, some have criticised the logo change, as the new logo looked strikingly similar to the logo used for Barack Obama's successful presidential campaign, implicating a bias towards the President. Also in 4th quarter of 2008 Pepsi teamed up with Google/Youtube to produce the first daily entertainment show on Youtube for Youtube. This daily show deals with pop culture, internet viral videos, and celebrity gossip. Poptub is refreshed daily from Pepsi. Since 2007, Pepsi, Lay's, and Gatorade have had a â€Å"Bring Home the Cupâ„ ¢,† contest for Canada's biggest hockey fans. Hockey fans were asked to submit content (videos, pictures or essays) for a chance at winning a party in their hometown with The Stanley Cup and Mark Messier. In 2009, â€Å"Bring Home the Cupâ„ ¢,† changed to â€Å"Team Up and Bring Home the Cupâ„ ¢. The new installment of the campaign asks for team involvement and an advocate to submit content on behalf o f their team for the chance to have the Stanley Cup delivered to the team's hometown by Mark Messier. Bans in India Pepsi arrived on the black market in India in 1988. In 2003 and again in 2006, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi, claimed that soda drinks produced by manufacturers in India, including both Pepsi and Coca-Cola, had dangerously high levels of pesticides in their drinks. Both PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company maintain that their drinks are safe for consumption and have published newspaper advertisements that say pesticide levels in their products are less than those in other foods such as tea, fruit and dairy products. In the Indian state of Kerala, sale and production of Pepsi-Cola, along with other soft drinks, were banned in 2006 following partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals in five other Indian states. On September 22, 2006, the High Court in Kerala overturned the Kerala ban ruling that only the central government can ban food products. Rivalry with Coca-Cola Main article: Cola Wars According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted blind taste tests in stores, in what was called the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge†. These tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemon oil, less orange oil, and uses vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the â€Å"Challenge† across the nation. This became known as the â€Å"Cola Wars. † In 1985, The Coca-Cola Company, amid much publicity, changed its formula. The theory has been advanced that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge. However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly introducing a modified version of the original formula (removing the expensive Haitian lime oil and changing the sweetener to corn syrup) as Coke â€Å"Classic†. In the U. S. , Pepsi's total market share was about 31. 7 percent in 2004, while Coke's was about 43. 1 percent. Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. However, exceptions include Saudi Arabia; Pakistan (Pepsi has been a dominant sponsor of the Pakistan cricket team since the 1990s); the Dominican Republic; the Canadian provinces of Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island; and Guatemala.. Pepsi had long been the drink of Canadian Francophones and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local Quebecois celebrities (especially Claude Meunier, of La Petite Vie fame) to sell its product. PepsiCo use the slogan â€Å"here, it's Pepsi† (Ici, c'est Pepsi) to answer to Coca-cola publicity â€Å"Everywhere in the world, it's Coke† (Partout dans le monde, c'est Coke). By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered The Coca-Cola Company to turn over its secret formula for Coke and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). In 1988, PepsiCo gained entry to India by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. In 1993, The Coca-Cola Company returned in pursuance of India's Liberalization policy. In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo together held 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India. Coca-Cola India's market share was 52. 5%. [pic] [pic] A sticker from a USSR-produced Pepsi bottle. The logo shown is a version used from 1973-91. In Russia, Pepsi initially had a larger market share than Coke but it was undercut once the Cold War ended. In 1972, Pepsico company struck a barter agreement with the then government of the Soviet Union, in which Pepsico was granted exportation and Western marketing rights to Stolichnaya vodka in exchange for importation and Soviet marketing of Pepsi-Cola. This exchange led to Pepsi-Cola being the first foreign product sanctioned for sale in the U. S. S. R.. Reminiscent of the way that Coca-Cola became a cultural icon and its global spread spawned words like â€Å"coca colonization†, Pepsi-Cola and its relation to the Soviet system turned it into an icon. In the early 1990s, the term â€Å"Pepsi-stroika† began appearing as a pun on â€Å"perestroika†, the reform policy of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev. Critics viewed the policy as a lot of fizz without substance and as an attempt to usher in Western products in deals there with the old elites. Pepsi, as one of the first American products in the Soviet Union, became a symbol of that relationship and the Soviet policy. This was reflected in Russian author Victor Pelevin's book â€Å"Generation P†. In 1989, Billy Joel mentions the rivalry between the two companies in the song We Didn't Start The Fire. The line â€Å"Rock & Roller Cola Wars† refers to Pepsi and Coke's usage of various musicians in their advertising campaigns. Coke used Paula Abdul,while Pepsi used Michael Jackson. They then continued to try to get other musicians to advertise their beverages. Whilst filming the Pepsi advert Michael Jackson burned his hair. In 1992, following the Soviet collapse, Coca-Cola was introduced to the Russian market. As it came to be associated with the new system, and Pepsi to the old, Coca-Cola rapidly captured a significant market share that might otherwise have required years to achieve. By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19. 4 percent, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent. Ingredients Pepsi-Cola contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar, colorings, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid, and natural flavors. The caffeine-free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients minus the caffeine. The original Pepsi-Cola recipe was available from documents filed with the court at the time that the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt in 1929. The original formula contained neither cola nor caffeine. Competitors †¢ Coca-Cola †¢ R. C. Cola Brands Under Pepsico (used in research) 1. Miranda 2. Slice 3. Mountain Dew 4. 7 Up About Miranda Mirinda is a brand of soft drink available in fruit varieties including orange. A â€Å"citrus† flavour is also available in certain areas of the Middle East. It is part of a beverage area often referred to as the flavor segment, comprising carbonated and non-carbonated fruit-flavored beverages. The orange flavor of Mirinda represents the majority of Mirinda sales worldwide. Mirinda is owned by PepsiCo and is primarily commercialized outside of North America. It competes with Coca-Cola's Fanta and Cadbury-Schweppes's Orange Crush brand, with flavor brands local to individual countries. As with most soft drinks, Mirinda is available in multiple formulations depending on the taste of individual markets. History Mirinda was originally produced in Spain. It became available in the United States in late 2003 in bilingual packaging, and initially sold at a reduced price, presumably to become a competitor against Coca-Cola's Fanta brand. Since 2005, Mirinda flavors have largely been sold under the Tropicana Twister Soda brand in the United States except in Guam, where Pepsi began selling it under the Mirinda brand in 2007 (replacing Chamorro Punch Orange). Pepsico also tried to sell Mirinda in Brazil in late 1996, but the brand was discontinued in 1997 after weak sales, keeping the local brand Sukita under production. Recent events Mirinda campaigns over the years have included the Mirinda Woman campaign in the 1970s and a campaign in the 1994-1996 time frame with a campaign using the tag-line ‘The Taste is in Mirinda' with the Blue Man Group. In some markets, including Mexico, the Blue Man Group campaign re-launched Mirinda away from a multi-flavor positioning to a brand solely focused on the orange flavor. The Blue Man Group campaign showed the Blue Man Group competing to drink orange Mirinda and celebrating a successful drink with an open-mouth exclamation of ‘Mirindaaaa'. Also in this same country Mirinda launch a campaign with the Pokemon anime series to the children with a promotion of many gadgets with the characters of the manga series. A recent, highly successful advertising campaign was launched in India featuring a handsome young gentleman, Stefan Persson, gallivanting about town in hunt of his sweet sweet Mirinda. Stefan's credible portrayal of the Mirinda-obsessed youth earned the campaign accolades in Brand Equity, the advertising section of a leading financial newspaper. Mirinda advertising campaigns over the last fifteen years have been handled by Pepsi's stable of creative agencies, including BBDO and J Walter Thompson. Mirinda also regularly introduces special movie-themed editions in Asia. Recent ones included Batman (Blueberry) and Superman (Fruit punch). Mirinda has also recently released a new flavour of drinks called Mirinda Sorbet. They come in two flavours: Raspberry and Lime. Facts [pic] [pic] Pepsi and Mirinda (orange flavor) with Arabic labels (bottled, left to right). †¢ Mirinda is available in most continents of the world with other PepsiCo products. It is also in the Middle Eastern markets, but the name is commonly mispronounced as â€Å"Miranda† due to its Arabic spelling. †¢ The name â€Å"Mirinda† means â€Å"amazing† in Esperanto. There is a claim that the original manufacturer of Mirinda, which later sold the brand to PepsiCo, was an Esperanto-speaking individual. †¢ Spanish-speaking consumers may also associate it with merienda or afternoon (teatime) snack. †¢ Mirinda's primary formulation is as an artificially flavored beverage; however, it has been produced in the past with a percentage of fruit juice, usually due to local tax benefits tied to non-artificial juice ingredients. †¢ Mirinda was sold in a distinctive ribbed glass bottle in Australia and parts of Southeast Asia, when originally released there. Mirindas asesinas (â€Å"Killer Mirindas†) was the first short film of the Spanish filmmaker Alex de la Iglesia About Slice Slice is a line of fruit-flavored soft drinks m anufactured by PepsiCo and introduced in 1984, with the lemon-lime flavor replacing Teem. Varieties of Slice have included Apple, Fruit Punch, Grape, Passionfruit, Peach, Mandarin Orange, Pineapple, Strawberry, Cherry Cola, â€Å"Red†, Cherry-Lime, and Dr Slice. Originally, the drink was known for containing 10% fruit juice, but that was discontinued by 1994. The original design of the can was a solid color, related to the flavor of the drink. These were replaced around 1994 with black cans, with a colorful burst (once again, related to the flavor of the drink), along with slicker graphics. Around 1997, the cans became blue with color-coordinated swirls. The original orange flavor was reformulated at this time with an infiltration marketing campaign led by Danieli. The new flavor's slogan was â€Å"it's orange, only twisted. † Orange Slice has since been changed back to its original flavor. Lemon Lime Slice was replaced by Sierra Mist in most markets in the summer of 2000. Sierra Mist became a national brand in 2003. The rest of the Slice line was replaced in most markets by Tropicana Twister Soda in the summer of 2005, although the Dr Slice variety can still be found in some fountains. It has been discontinued in more and more markets though. In early 2006, the Slice name was resurrected for a new line of diet sodas from Pepsi, called Slice ONE. Initially, Slice ONE was available exclusively at Wal-Mart stores, in orange, grape, and berry flavors. All three flavors are sweetened with Splenda. In 2009 Slice (Orange, Diet Orange, Grape, Strawberry, Peach) will be sold only in Wal-Mart Stores. About Mountain Dew [pic] Mountain Dew (also known as Mtn Dew as of late 2008) is a soft drink distributed and manufactured by PepsiCo. The main formula was invented in Knoxville, Tennessee, named and first marketed in Knoxville and Johnson City, TN in the 1940s, then by Barney and Ally Hartman, in Fayetteville, North Carolina and across the United States in 1964. When removed from its characteristic green bottle, Mountain Dew is bright yellow-green and translucent. As of 2007, Mountain Dew was the fourth-best-selling carbonated soft drink in the United States, behind only Coca-Cola Classic, Pepsi-Cola, and Diet Coke. Diet Mountain Dew ranked ninth in sales in the same year. On October 15, 2008, it was announced that Pepsi would be redesigning their logos and re-branding many of their core products by the end of 2008. At the same time they registered the name â€Å"mtn dew† and a related logo with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. This also announced the re-launch of Mountain Dew in the UK, which was released by Pepsi in 1996 but was dropped in 1998 due to low sales. As of April 2009, the flavors â€Å"Code Red† and â€Å"Live Wire† continue to use the previous Mountain Dew design. Ingredients Mountain Dew lists its ingredients as: †¢ Carbonated water †¢ Sugar (replaced by High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in much of the United States) †¢ Concentrated orange juice †¢ Citric acid †¢ Natural flavors †¢ Sodium benzoate (preserves freshness) †¢ Caffeine (54 mg per 12  US  fluid ounces (350  ml)) †¢ Sodium citrate †¢ Erythorbic acid (preserves freshness) †¢ Gum arabic †¢ Calcium disodium EDTA (to protect flavor) †¢ Brominated vegetable oil †¢ Thiamin hydrochloride About 7 UP [pic] 7 Up is a brand of a lemon-lime flavored non-caffeinated soft drink. The rights to the brand are held by Dr Pepper Snapple Group in the United States, and PepsiCo (or its licensees) in the rest of the world. The 7 Up logo includes a red spot between the ‘7' and ‘Up'; this red spot has been animated and used as a mascot for the brand as Cool Spot. Name According to Professor Donald Sadoway (MIT) the name is derived from the atomic mass of Lithium, 7, which was originally one of the key ingredients of the drink (as lithium citrate). However, there are numerous myths explaining the name. One popular myth is that its creator named the soft drink after seeing a cattle brand with the number 7 and the letter U. Other theories suggest that the drink was formulated with seven flavors plus the bubbles from the drink's carbonation (the bubbles go up). Other ideas include the original bottle contained seven ounces; its creator came up with the name while playing dice; that it was the 7th large commercial lemonade brand that tasted the same. Another rumor has it that the name was created because the company had previously failed six times, hence the name â€Å"7 Up†. Before the formula change in 2006, a can of 7 Up included seven ingredients. The â€Å"Up† in the drink's name might refer to the original inclusion of lithium citrate, when it was marketed as a patent medicine to cure hangovers. Some people mistakenly believe that the name 7 Up comes from the belief that its pH is 7. 0 and therefore neutral. This is not the case at all: the pH of 7 Up is comparable to many other soft drinks. At a pH of 3. 67, Diet 7 Up is less acidic than lemon juice (pH 2. ), vinegar (pH 2. 9) or wine (pH 3. 5). History 7 Up was created by Charles Leiper Grigg who launched his St. Louis-based company The Howdy Corporation in 1920. Grigg came up with the formula for a lemon-lime soft drink in 1929. The product, originally named â€Å"Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda†, was launched two weeks before the Wall Street Crash of 1929. It contained lithium citrate, a mood-stabilizing drug. It was one of a number of patent medicine products popular in the late-19th and early-20th centuries; they made claims similar to today's health foods. Specifically it was marketed as a hangover cure. The product's name was soon changed to 7 Up. The Great Depression was just the beginning of the business challenges the product would face. In its early years, there were around 600 lemon-lime beverage brands being sold in the US. 7 Up was able to survive and become the market leader in the category by being one of the first to be nationally distributed as well as being marketed as more healthy than other soft drinks. The success of 7 Up led Grigg to rename his company to â€Å"The Seven Up Company† in 1936. Lithium citrate was removed from 7 Up's formula in 1950. Expanding the brand beyond a niche market, major competitors began to set their sights on it such as The Coca-Cola Company with its Sprite brand introduced in 1961. Sprite would not challenge 7 Up's position seriously until the 1980s when Coke forced its major bottlers, then distributing 7 Up, to drop the beverage in deference to Sprite. 7 Up challenged Coke's actions in court as â€Å"anti-competitive†, a challenge they eventually lost. Formula 7 Up has been reformulated several times since its launch in 1929. In 2006, the version of the product sold in the U. S. was re-formulated so that it could be marketed as being â€Å"100% Natural†. This was achieved by eliminating the preservative calcium disodium EDTA, and replacing sodium citrate with potassium citrate in order to reduce the beverage's sodium content. This re-formulation contains no fruit juice and is still sweetened with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). The manufacturing process used in the production of HFCS has led some public health and special interest groups to challenge the ad campaign's â€Å"natural† claims. In 2007, after the Center for Science in the Public Interest threatened to sue 7 Up, it was announced that 7 Up would stop being marketed as â€Å"100% natural†. Instead, It is now promoted as having â€Å"100% Natural Flavors†. The controversy does not extend to other countries, such as the United Kingdom, where high fructose corn syrup is not generally used in foods, including 7 Up. Methods used during my research:- Interview method During the research I used the personal interview method. I asked the questions generally face to face. sometime only for the appointment I used the telephonic method. Questionnaire method Mostly I used the proper sequencing of the questions I used rating scale method Reason: – I think that this type of question is very easy and attractive to give the answer for respondent. I also used multiple choice type questions. Reason: – because this type of question is also easy for the respondent to give the answer. This is also helpful for clear and reasonable analysis. Open ended: – this type of question I also used in the form of personal interview. Research Design The design that is used in this project is exploratory design. The reason for choosing this design was to get clear response from the customers. I also used descriptive research design. Research Instrument used In this research I used mainly the structured questionnaire for getting the different type of information. Sample Size My sample size for this research report was of 100 individuals. Fieldwork It includes giving out in the field to collect required information and data from the concerned person. I used to visit major educational institutes, localities, markets, shops, malls usually area wise conducting short interviews & giving awareness and for the promotion about the. Under this survey my main objective was to have an interaction with its users and to find out their preferences. ANALYTICAL TOOLS USED Different types of charts are used : 1) Pie 2) Cylindrical Charts 3) Column Charts 4) Table of all percentage. About the Research Particularly about the project, this research was carried to know the Brand potency about the various brands of soft drinks in Indian Market on the basis of calculations of several values of each brand namely: 1. Value Of Memorization (VM): this is value of a brand which states the degree of remembrance of a particular brand. It tells that how much does one individual remember about the brand. 2. Value Of Association (VA): this is the value of the brand which tells the degree of association of a brand for an individual to his personal life experiences. 3. Value Of Description (VD): this is the value of the brand which tells the degree of a brand, that how much does it describes its features according to its brand name. 4. Value Of Motivation (VMo): this tells the value of the brand in the terms of the degree of motivation which the brand gives to the user to buy it. 5. Value Of Reurchase (VR): this tells the value of a brand according to which it can be calculated and stated that an individual will repurchase the brand. Market Potency = VM*VA*VD*VMo*VR Softdrink Brands Chosen for Research 1. Pepsi 2. Coca-cola 3. Thums Up 4. Mountain Dew 5. Sprite 6. 7 Up 7. Maaza 8. Slice 9. Mirinda 10. Fanta Data Analysis & Interpretation 1. People going for Brand wise or Taste wise in soft drink brands? (out of 100) [pic] Interpretation: According to the above mentioned question, it was asked that whether the user have soft drinks on the basis of Brand or its taste. Therefore it can be interpreted from the above graph that 77% of the sample size goes for soft drinks on the basis of its taste whereas 23% of the sample size goes on the basis of its brand. |Brandwise |Tastewise | |23 |77 | 2. Average, maximum & minimum age of the sample ? (out of 100) [pic] Interpretation: According to the interpretation of this graph we can conclude that the average age of the sample is of 23 years, maximum age of the sample is of 49 years and minimum age of the sample is of 16 years. |Average Age |23 | |Maximum Age |49 | |Minimum Age |16 | 3. Value of memorization for each soft drink brand. [pic] Interpretation: According to the diagram Brand Pepsi & Coke holds the maximum Value of Memorization among all the other brands i. e. these brands are quickly comes into the mind of the consumers. Whereas Slice & fanta holds the least value of memorization (8%). On the scale of 5 |Pepsi |Coke |Thums up |Miranda |Slice | |4. 34 |4. 19 |4. 16 |3. 48 |3. 01 | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |3. 62 |3. 58 |3. 58 |3. 29 |2. 95 | 4. Value of Repurchase for each soft drink brand. [pic] Interpretation: According to the diagram Brand Pepsi, coke, Maaza & Thums Up holds the maximum Value of Repurchase among all the other brands (11%) i. e. these brands are easily repurchased by the customers. Whereas Fanta holds the least value of repurchase (8%). On the scale of 5 |Pepsi |Coke |Thums up |Miranda |Slice | |3. 54 |3. 56 |3. 82 |3. 07 |2. 97 | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |3. 61 |3. 07 |3. 29 |2. 84 |2. 49 | 5. Value of motivation for each soft drink brand. pic] Interpretation: According to the diagram Thums Up holds the maximum Value of Motivation among all the other brands (13%) i. e. this brand easily motivates the customers. Whereas Fanta holds the least value of motivation (8%). On the scale of 5 |Pepsi |Coke |Thums up |Miranda |Slice | |3. 43 |3. 43 |3. 76 |2. 88 |2. 83 | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |3. 28 |3. 27 |3. 19 |2. 9 |2. 37 | 6. Value of Association for each soft drink brand. [pic] Interpretation: According to the diagram Pepsi holds the maximum Value of Association among all the other brands (13%) i. e. this brand is easily associated by the customers to their personal life experiences. Whereas, Fanta holds the least value of Association (7%). On the scale of 5 |Pepsi |Coke |Thums up |Miranda |Slice | |4. 43 |4. 33 |4. 47 |3. 32 |3 | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |3. 19 |3. 59 |3. 54 |3. 43 |2. 63 | 7. Value of Description for each soft drink brand. [pic] Interpretation: According to the diagram Thums up & Mazza holds the maximum Value of Description among all the other brands (12%) i. e. this brand is easily Describes its brands name according to the taste and brand it holds. Whereas, Fanta holds the least value of Description (8%). On the scale of 5 |Pepsi |Coke |Thums up |Miranda |Slice | |3. 2 |3. 51 |3. 96 |2. 86 |3. 32 | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |3. 75 |3. 29 |3. 06 |2. 95 |2. 56 | 8. Which brand holds the maximum market potency ? This is the original question for which this whole research was carried on, he answer for the maximum market potency holder brand can be interpreted by the following charts: [pic] [pic] Interpretation According to the above mentioned bar and chart it can clearly be known that in Indian Soft drink market specifically in Lucknow region Brand Thums Up has a maximum market Potency i. e. the brand Thums Up is very well known, remembered, and demended the most in the market by the consumers. Percentage wi se Thums Up holds 22% of the total Brand Potency while Fanta holds the minimum market Potency. It can be noticed thoroughly that both the maximum and the minimum potency brands are owned by COCA COLA. Pepsi holds the third position with 15% of brand potency. Above bar chart also deicts the brands with their levels in the analysis. Suggestions & Recommendations This research was particularly carried for only knowing the barnd name in the soft drink market of lucknow having the maximum market Potency which is Thums Up. It is suggested to Pepsico in Lucknow that it holds the third position in the research of market potency, which Pepsi brand holds. It is noticeable that the first positions are held by the competitors Coke. The company Pepsico should increase their marketing efforts. Limitations of the Study Though best efforts have been made to make the study fair, transparent, error free, there might be some inevitable and inherent limitations. Though I tried my level best to make this report most accurate, some of the limitations are as follows : ? This study is valid for Lucknow city only. ? Due to certain unavoidable reasons, it was not possible to cover each and every outlet such as holidays, absenteeism, working closed etc. ? There may be some biased response. ? Some of the customers didn't provide dull data. ? Most of the customers were too busy to meet. ? Too much time consumed on some calls because of appointments and waiting. Conclusion Soft drink market whether on micro or macro scale, it is vast and full with great opportunities. It is one of the industry which is not adversely affected by the recession process. Demand for soft drink is still at large, which is resulting in the launch of new and more soft drink variants. Due to which also the companies are adopting aggressive market strategies. Although consumers are going for and liking every soft drink brand but definitely some brands have more value and demand in the market than compared to others. This research was carried out for knowing the brand having maximum market potency, which is Thums Up hence objective achieved. At the end of this report we can clearly conclude that Coke had been greatly got success in the local Lucknow market of soft drinks as the first two positions of maximum potency Brands are held by Thums Up (22%) and Coca cola (16%). This tells us that coke’s marketing strategy is far more clear cut and accurate than its competitors Pepsico, Coke is very well understanding the mind of the local Lucknow Consumer’s, which is making coke and its other brands more preferred and desired by the consumers in Lucknow market than compared to Pepsico’s Brands. Annexure Name:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Age:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mob. No†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Occupation:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. E-mail:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1: Excellent2: Good3: Average4: Satisfactory5: Bad Questn 1 : Which softdrink do you drink the most ?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Questn 2: You choose your softdrink on what basis ? Brand wise ()Taste wise () Questn 3: How early and fast can you recall the following brands first? (rate from 1 to 5 for each) |Pepsi |Coke |Thumbs Up |Miranda |Slice | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | Questn 4: Priority wise tell that which brand will you repurchase again ? (rate from 1 to 5 for each) |Pepsi |Coke |Thumbs Up |Miranda |Slice | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | Questn 5: Do you get attracted or feel motivated towards the following brands for the purpose of use ? |Pepsi |Coke |Thumbs Up |Miranda |Slice | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | Questn 6: Are you aware of the company names of these brands ? rate from 1 to 5 for each) |Pepsi |Coke |Thumbs Up |Miranda |Slice | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | Questn 7: Do you feel that the following brand names justify their name with their purpose ? Pepsi |Coke |Thumbs Up |Miranda |Slice | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]